Research

We develop intelligent imaging systems that combine optics, physics, computation, and ML/AI. We aim to recover multi-dimensional, high-resolution structural information from measurements in a non-destructive way through physics- and learning-driven imaging system design.

Our research focuses on three main directions: (1) Computational Imaging for Semiconductor Metrology, (2) AI for Bioimaging and Adaptive Optics, and (3) Computational Imaging Systems as Middleware,

Computational Imaging for Semiconductor Metrology

We develop computational methods for optical/X-ray imaging problems, especially for nondestructive 3D inspection of semiconductor and industrial samples.

Image from Kang et al, Optica 10 (8), 1000-1008 (2023)
Example topics
  • Computational X-ray tomography and ptychography
  • Sparse-angle and photon-limited reconstruction
  • AI-assisted X-ray image reconstruction
  • ptical-to-X-ray translation using optical-domain testbeds
  • Semiconductor metrology and inspection
Related publications
  • Kang et al, "Dynamical machine learning volumetric reconstruction of objects’ interiors from limited angular views," Light: Science & Applications (2021)
  • Wu and Kang et al, "Three-dimensional nanoscale reduced-angle ptycho-tomographic imaging with deep learning (RAPID)," eLight (2023)
  • Kang et al, "Attentional Ptycho-Tomography (APT) for three-dimensional nanoscale X-ray imaging with minimal data acquisition and computation time," Light: Science & Applications (2023)
  • Kang et al, "Accelerated deep self-supervised ptycho-laminography for three-dimensional nanoscale imaging of integrated circuits," Optica (2023)
Keywords: computational X-ray imaging, semiconductor metrology, tomography, ptychography, sparse-view reconstruction, optical-to-X-ray translation.

AI for Bioimaging and Adaptive Optics

We develop ML/AI-based computational methods for improving biological microscopy under practical scientific imaging constraints, including aberrations, scattering, sample motion, defocus, and low signal levels.

Image from Kang et al, Nature Methods (2026)
Example topics
  • Computational adaptive optics
  • Neural-field-based aberration correction
  • ML/AI-assisted volumetric microscopy image restoration
  • Joint estimation of sample structure and optical aberration
Related publications
  • Kang et al, "Coordinate-based neural representations for computational adaptive optics in widefield microscopy," Nature Machine Intelligence (2024)
  • Kang et al, "Adaptive optical correction for in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy with neural fields," Nature Methods (2026)
Keywords: bioimaging, microscopy, adaptive optics, neural fields, aberration correction, image restoration.

Computational Imaging Systems as Middleware

We develop optical-domain computational imaging platforms and software middleware for testing new imaging concepts under controlled experimental conditions.

Image from Kang et al, Optica 9 (10), 1149-1155 (2023)
Example topics
  • Optical-domain computational imaging testbeds
  • Acquisition, calibration, and reconstruction middleware
  • Ptychography and diffraction tomography platforms
  • Intensity-only phase imaging
  • Low-photon and limited-data imaging
  • GPU-accelerated reconstruction pipelines
Related publications
  • Deng et al, "Learning to synthesize: Robust phase retrieval at low photon counts," Light: Science & Applications (2020)
  • Kang et al, "Phase extraction neural network (PhENN) with coherent modulation imaging (CMI) for phase retrieval at low photon counts," Optics Express (2020)
  • Deng et al, "On the interplay between physical and content priors in deep learning for computational imaging," Optics Express (2020)
  • Allan and Kang et al, "Deep residual learning for low-order wavefront sensing in high-contrast imaging systems," Optics Express (2020)
  • Kang et al, "Recurrent neural network reveals transparent objects through scattering media," Optics Express (2021)
  • Kang et al, "Simultaneous spectral recovery and CMOS micro-LED holography with an untrained deep neural network," Optica (2023)
Keywords: computational imaging systems, middleware, optical testbeds, phase imaging,ptychography, diffraction tomography, calibration-aware reconstruction.